Two methods ofcontrolling nitrogen: simple or intelligent

1st method: Fixed orifice or adjusted throttle valve – cheap and simple, but with limitations

Orifices are the simplest form of nitrogen flow control. These are mechanical tapers (fixed drilled holes) in the hose system through which a defined amount of nitrogen flows at constant pressure. The advantage: extremely low total costs, often less than 90 € – including the assembly as well as a simple switching valve and the orifice itself. This makes them ideal for simple flow adjustment applications for nitrogen with stable conditions.

A frequently used product in this context is the MH1 valve. This is an inexpensive standard valve which, in combination with an orifice, offers a functional, analog solution for regulating gas flow in industry. This combination is sufficient in many applications – especially if the input pressure is high or no digital feedback is required.

However, there are clear limits:

  • Hardly any flexibility: Changes in nitrogen requirements are difficult to map out.
  • No reaction to pressure fluctuations: If the inlet pressure drops, the flow rate also drops – unnoticed.
  • No monitoring: Neither flow monitoring nor data acquisition are possible.

It should also be noted: If you still want to record measured values later, additional hardware is required (e.g. separate pressure or flow sensors as well as the necessary input on the controller), which increases costs and system complexity. Despite the very long service life and reliability of the valve, simple switching valves such as the MH1 are not ideal for cleanliness-critical processes due to their design, as higher particle emissions are to be expected compared to dedicated mass flow controllers.

Nevertheless, many production lines continue to rely on this principle – especially when only simple volume flows need to be kept constant and appropriate filters reabsorb the particles. However, as soon as dynamic adjustments, reliable monitoring or process traceability are required, this solution quickly reaches its limits.

2nd method: Intelligent regulators – precise, data-capable and future-proof

Mass flow controllers such as VEFC, VEMD or VEAD offer methods for controlling the nitrogen flow that fixed orifices or adjustable throttlevalves cannot offer:

  • Dynamic control of the nitrogen flow
    Even with fluctuating inlet pressure, the desired volume flow remains constant. This protects sensitive processes.
  • Process reliability through monitoring
    These devices provide feedback in real time, for example, whether the flow rate is within the desired range. If the pressure drops, a warning message can even be issued automatically.
  • Use in complex systems
    The data can be read out centrally via controllers and used for cost center accounting or process optimization, for example. This is particularly interesting if nitrogen is provided and billed internally based on consumption.
  • Prerequisite for predictive maintenance & AI
    Regulators continuously supply data (e.g. B. flow, temperature or pressure, if applicable), which can be integrated into platforms such as Festo AX for monitoring the nitrogen flow – for predictive servicing and data analysis.

The devices themselves are not "intelligent" in the sense of autonomous anomaly detection, but they are AI-ready. In conjunction with filter monitoring, pressure sensors and algorithms, the degree of contamination of filters can be detected, for example, which enables timely servicing without interrupting production.

What valve types are there and what are they suitable for?

Before deciding on a specific valve, you should take a close look at the technical requirements and the environment in which it will be used. Each valve has its own strengths, be it in terms of flow rate, size or connectivity.

Why more expensive is sometimes cheaper

While simple systems appear to be much cheaper to purchase, reliable regulators with a monitoring function offer decisive advantages:

  • Process reliability: Fluctuations in the inlet pressure do not lead to fluctuations in the flow rate
  • Real-time feedback: Ideal for predictive maintenance & internal consumption measurement
  • Scalability: Anomalies can be detected immediately, especially for complex lines with many control points
  • Total cost of ownership: Precise systems regulate the flow rate to the exact degree required, allowing nitrogen to be actively saved, which ultimately leads to a reduction in power consumption and CO2 footprint.

An example: In a system with 50 regulators, a simple display on each device can help to quickly identify defective points, without a digital readout.

Perspective: Ready for AI & predictive maintenance

Modern mass flow controllers provide valuable data:flow rate, pressure, temperature, which can be integrated into higher-level systems such as Festo AX. This opens up possibilities such as:

  • Determining consumption for cost centers
  • Filter wear monitoring through pressure difference
  • Maintenance predictions based on real load data

These devices are not "intelligent" per se, but they are AI-ready and form the basis for future-proof, data-supported manufacturing processes.

Decision support: the right solution for your process

The choice of the right valve depends on many factors:

  • Required flow range
  • Energy consumption
  • Process requirements (e.g. Cleanroom class)
  • Integration into existing control system
  • Monitoring and readout requirements

For an individual recommendation, we will be using an interactive tool in the future that will suggest the optimal solution for you by asking specific questions, from a simple orifice to an AI-enabled VEFC.

Conclusion

The regulation of nitrogen in semiconductor production is far more than a technical side issue; it influences quality, process stability and costs. Whether you need a simple solution or state-of-the-art control technology, the decisive factor is what your application requires. By making the right choice, you not only ensure operational reliability, but also efficiency and sustainability.