10,000 diamonds per hour

Article of 27 November 2020 

Diamanten

Diamond cutting is a task for human beings. The cutting must be carried out by a perfectly trained specialist, because – no matter how flawless the gemstones may be – an incorrectly placed cut will ruin everything. The sorting of the stones according to size, however, is done by machines. Much depends on them, too: the sorting process has to be very fast, yet there must not be any scratches. A sorting system with fast-switching valves manages to sort up to 10,000 diamonds per hour according to size without scratches.

For five months, experts analysed the world’s most expensive blue diamond, the ‘Blue Moon’, to determine the optimal cut. The grinding took another three months. With other diamonds, the process takes only a few hours – but even with them, everything depends on the cutting process. Even with perfect colour and purity, the wrong cut can significantly reduce the value, which is why good grinders are considered artists in the industry.

After cutting, the diamonds should be quickly put on sale

Once the cutting of the precious stones is finished, much more speed is required. For sale, the stones must be quickly sorted according to size, traditionally using a sieve. Although the process is quick, it has some disadvantages: it is very imprecise and stones regularly get stuck in the sieve. There is also the danger of damaging the diamonds.

An optical sieve gently sorts the gemstones

A more gentle alternative is optical straining, where a camera determines the size of the stones. For this purpose, a vibrating spiral conveyor – a special conveying device for dusty to coarse-grained bulk materials – first transports the diamonds one after the other onto a rotating, round glass plate and carefully turns them onto their flat side.

A vibrating spiral conveyor transports diamonds to the optical sieve and aligns them on their flat side. In this way, the conveyor prevents the stones from being damaged during tipping.
A vibrating spiral conveyor transports diamonds to the optical sieve and aligns them on their flat side. In this way, the conveyor prevents the stones from being damaged during tipping.

A vision system with a camera is mounted above the glass plate. A photoelectric cell detects each new stone on the glass plate and triggers the camera. The vision system counts the pixels on the captured image to determine how large the gemstone is.

Fast-switching valves push the diamonds quickly and precisely into the appropriate container

For the actual sorting of the gemstones, pneumatic valves are arranged in a circle under the rotary disk on which the diamonds are placed. Containers for the different stone sizes are positioned around the glass plate. As soon as a diamond passes the container corresponding to its size, the valves emit a compressed-air pulse and push it into it.

  • Die Diamanten bewegen sich auf der rotierenden Glasscheibe zwischen Ventilen und Sortierbehältern

    The diamonds move on the rotating glass disk between valves and sorting containers.

  • Sobald ein Stein den seiner Größe entsprechenden Auswurfpunkt erreicht hat, schiebt ihn ein Druckluftimpuls aus dem Ventil in den entsprechenden Behälter.

    As soon as a stone has reached the ejection point corresponding to its size, a compressed-air pulse pushes it out of the valve into the corresponding container.

To ensure that the compressed-air pulse is as fast and precise as possible, fast-switching valves are used. These valves contain a magnet, into which a relatively high current is introduced for a very short time. This builds up the magnetic forces very quickly that attract the valve body, and the valve opens. The current is then immediately turned down to a minimum and finally turned off, causing the valve to close again.

The pneumatic valves enable high cycle rates without failing

Quickly reducing the current makes very high cycle rates possible, in other words a constant opening and closing of the valve, without the magnet overheating and the valve failing. In addition, it switches very smoothly in every cycle. In total, the time per cycle is no more than three milliseconds and around three stones per second are pushed into the appropriate container. With such fast sorting, the grinder can take a little more time for a perfect result.

The fast-switching valves have a response time of less than 2 milliseconds and a repetition accuracy of less than 0.2 milliseconds. In this way, they sort the diamonds quickly and precisely.
The fast-switching valves have a response time of less than 2 milliseconds and a repetition accuracy of less than 0.2 milliseconds. In this way, they sort the diamonds quickly and precisely.

Cover picture: www.shotshop.com