171 → www.festo.com/didactic Hydraulics Set of Posters Learning Media > Set of Posters Mechanical actuation by plunger by roller by roller lever, actuation in one direction of travel only examples for connection identification: A =port B =port P =pump T = reservoir X = control oil supply Y = control oil relief L = leakage oil M = solenoid coil P G A T L ©Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. KG www.festo-didactic.com 053032en Hydraulic symbols Energy conversion Manual actuation Actuation Valves Basic symbols line, supply line, return line, component framing and symbol boxed in hydraulic energy source line connection pressure supply port, closed crossing line hydraulic variable displacement pump with alternating direction of delivery at constant direction of rotation Energy transfer filter heating spring-centred quick decoupler with two non-return valves, coupled tubing line quick decoupler with two non-return valves, decoupled; i.e. line closed cooler without flow lines for the direction of flow of coolant Function unit for valves with main ports. The number of ports corresponds to the number of lines shown above and below a square. paths and directions of flow through a valve double-acting cylinder with piston rod at one end single-acting cylinder with piston rod at one end, spring chamber with leakage oil connection flowmeter fluid level display (sight glass) temperature gauge (thermometer) reversible hydraulic pump/hydraulic motor unit with two directions of flow and variable displacement volume, external leakage oil line and two directions of rotation. tachometer pressure gauge Pressure actuation hydraulic pump with constant delivery rate hydraulic motor with constant displacement/ absorption capacity and two directions of rotation rotary drive/semi-rotary drive with limited angle of rotation and two directions of flow electric motor compact gear unit (simplified representation) double-acting cylinder with through piston rod of different diameters, with cushioning at both ends adjustable single-acting cylinder, plunger cylinder telescope cylinder, single-acting telescope cylinder, double-acting p1 p2 pressure booster, single-acting, which converts a pneumatic pressure p1 into a higher hydraulic pressure p2 internal and external pilot line, leakage oil line, purging line, exhaust line frames for several components plug within a fluid line tank connection, ending below and above the oil level reservoir closed withcover reservoir open to atmosphere pump shaft points to the left (preferably) or to the right motor shaft points to the right (preferably) or to the left tank – ventilation filter filter with bypass valve with optical contamination indicator and switch gas pressure accumulator, separation of media through: diaphragm (diaphragm accumulator) bladder (bladder accumulator) piston (piston accumulator) hydraulic pump and hydraulic motor with shaft coupling 2 1 3 2 1 3 three-way rotary connection basic elements with 2, 3, 4 switching positions function: leak-tight locking, hydraulic seat directional control valve with intermediate positions – dynamic control valve A T L Valves Directional control valves Stop valves Valves Pressure control valves A P T 3/2-way valve with solenoid coil, directly actuated, reset by spring and manual override with detent A B P T 4/2-way valve with two solenoid coils, with detent (double solenoid valve) directly actuated, A B P T X1 X2 4/3-way valve, hydraulically actuated, spring-centred A B P T 4/3-way proportional valve, directly actuated G G 4/3-way servo valve piloted by a control solenoid, with closed-loop position control of main and pilot stage, with integrated electronics, external pilot supply and drain A B P T A B P T A P T 3/2-way poppet valve with solenoid coil and limit switch directly actuated 2-way pressure regulator with external control oil relief T P directly actuated pressure relief valve, adjustable A P L piloted 2-way pressure regulator with external control oil relief G G double-acting cylinder with displacement encoder on the piston rod double-acting cylinder with integrated displacement encoder Measurement and display devices Accessories flow rate display pressure switch, electromechanical, adjustable P pressure sensor, analogue output signal optical indicator digital display displacement encoder with analogue output signal G displacement encoder with digital output signal pressure switch, electronically adjustable, output signal switching 4 fluid level switch with 4 normally closed contacts L electrical fluid level monitoring with analogue output signal and digital display sequence valve, self-actuating, with bypass valve A P L A P T 3-way pressure regulator X accumulator charging valve P T shut-off/ counterbalancing valve proportional pressure relief valve, directly actuated with closed-loop position control of solenoid coil and with integrated electronics G T P Combined actuation Mechanical components by solenoid coil with one winding by solenoid coil and pilot valve Detents are to be symmetrically matched with the mechanical connection. With more than three detent positions the number of positions can be displayed above the detent element. by electric motor with continuous rotary motion by stepper motor by solenoid coil with two windings, active direction to and from the valving element by solenoid coil or manual override and pilot valve Electrical actuation 5 – active direction towards the valving element – active direction away from the valving element hydraulically actuated reset by spring B P T A 4/2-way valve with 4portsand 2 switching positions X Y Connections must be marked on the circuit diagram using the identification marked on the component, sub-base or block (ISO 1219-2). 2/2-way valve with 2 ports, 2 switching positions for 2 flow directions. – normally closed position – normally open position 3/2-way valve with 3portsand 2 switching positions, normally closed position 4/3-way valve with 4 ports and 3 switching positions – various mid-position variants 1M1 1M2 1M1 4/3-way servo valve, piloted, solenoid coil with two windings, with mechanical feedback of the valve slide position to the pilot stage A P 3-way stop-cock shut-off valve non-return valve with spring non-return valve B A X piloted non-return valve with spring B2 B1 A2 A1 double non-return valve, piloted shuttle valve (OR function) dual-pressure valve (AND function) B A2 A1 A1 Flow control valves flow control valve, adjustable flow control valve, fixed one-way flow control valve, adjustable orifice, fixed B A A B flow distributor B2 A B1 T A B B A 3-way flow control valve, adjustable 2-way flow control valve, non-adjustable B A2 closed exhaust port by pulling by pushing by turning by rocker actuated in initial position A P T pneumatically actuated by solenoid coil or manual override by solenoid coil or manual override with detent bypulling and pushing by lever X Y T A P B B A X B A X B A X T A P B X Y 1M1 1M2 B P T A 1M1 1M1 B A X valve slide T A P B 1M1 1M2 B P T A 1M1 1M2 ©Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. KG www.festo-didactic.com 053033en flow direction Directional control valves, directly controlled 4/2-way solenoid valve Directional control valve, pilot actuated 4/3-way solenoid valve, mid-position closed Non-return valves Non-return valve, spring-loaded 4/3-way solenoid valve, mid-position closed Poppet principle Slide principle flow from B to A closed flow from A to B flow from B to A high-resistance direction manual override armature return spring coil housing Non-return valve, piloted B P T A 1M1 1M2 X Y Hydraulics – Directional control and non-return valves Rücklauffilter Belüftungsfilter Saugfilter Hochdruckfilter Differenzialzylinder Gleichlaufzylinder Zylinder mit Enlagendämpfung Teleskopzylinder Druckübersetzer Tandemzylinder Flächenverhältnis 2:1 (Kolbenfläche : Kolbenringfläche) Beaufschlagte Fläche gleich groß; Vor- und Rücklaufgeschwindigkeit gleich Zum Abbremsen der Geschwindigkeit bei großen Massen und zurVermeidung eines harten Aufpralls Größere Hubwege Erhöhung des Drucks Wenn große Kräfte benötigt werden und nur kleine Zylinderabmessungen möglich sind Bauarten Bemerkungen Schematische Darstellung A1 A2 = Bauarten Schematische Darstellung Zahnradpumpe, außenverzahnt Zahnradpumpe, innenverzahnt Schraubenpumpe Flügelzellen pumpe Radialkolben pumpe Axialkolben pumpe 500 – 3500 500 – 3500 500 – 4000 960 – 3000 960 – 3000 ...... – 3000 750 – 3000 750 – 3000 1,2 – 250 4 – 250 4 – 630 5 – 160 5 – 160 100 25 – 800 25 – 800 6,3 – 16 16 – 25 2,5 – 16 10 – 16 16 – 32 20 16 – 25 16 – 32 0,80 – 0,91 0,80 – 0,91 0,70 – 0,84 0,80 – 0,93 0,90 0,82 – 0,92 0,82 – 0,92 0,80 – 0,92 Drehzahlbereich (min ) -1 Verdrängungsvolumen (cm )3 Nenndruck (MPa) Gesamtwirkungsgrad Filterung Hydraulikfilter werden je nach Aufgabe verschieden angeordnet. Klassische Filteranordnungen: Rücklauf-, Saug- und Druckfilterung (auch in Kombination) Weitere Möglichkeit: Umlauffilterung Hydraulikaggregat Doppeltwirkender Zylinder Bauarten von Zylindern Einfachwirkender Zylinder, Plungerzylinder Pumpentypen Absetzblech Ablassschraube Reinigungsöffnung Einfüllsieb Rücklaufrohr Wegeventil Druckmessgerät Temperaturmessgerät Luftfilter Füllstandsanzeige Saugfilter Saugrohr Hydropumpe Kühlwasserkreislauf Druckbegrenzungsventil Pumpenträger Kühler Druckfilter mit Verschmutzungsanzeige 052731 de Festo Didactic SE, Rechbergstraße 3, 73770 Denkendorf, Deutschland, 2015 www.festo-didactic.com © m Elektromotor P T A B Hydraulik – Energieversorgung und Zylinder -MM1 -MM1 -RN1 -RM1 -QM1 -QM1 -MB1 -MB1 -MB2 -GP1 -GP1 L P T T L A P P L A P L A P A L X P A L P T L B A A B l l d << d l l d > d 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 0 3 5 MPa 2 1 7 4 l/min p q B A B A B A P A X L L A P A P T L opening characteristics p = f (q) adjustable fixed adjustable fixed Flow control valves Throttle Orifice 2-way flow control valve Pressure relief valve, internally controlled, damped Sequence valve, externally controlled Pressure relief valve, application example: pressure relief valve Pressure relief valve, application example: counter-pressure valve Pressure relief valve, application example: brake valve 2-way pressure regulator 3-way pressure regulator adjustment range adjustment range helix differential pressure regulator throttle point counter-pressure valve 2MPa system pressure limitation 8MPa safety valve 10MPa ©Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. KG www.festo-didactic.com 053035en Hydraulics – Flow control and pressure control valves B A safety valve and 10MPa system pressure limitation brake valve 16MPa suction valve brake valve 16MPa suction valve T P 1M1 A B T P T P m A B 1M1 1A1 0Z3 0Z2 0V1 0Z1 1V1 8MPa 10MPa T P A B T P 0Z4 P 1M1 A B T P 1M2 T m P T B A 1A1 1Z1 1V1 0Z1 0V1 B A form2 form1 0Z1 0V1 0Z3 0Z2 1V1 1V2 1A1 1Z1 1V3 10MPa 10MPa 1Z1 1Z2 1A1 1V2 0Z1 1V1 1V3 1V4 1V5 T B A P system pressure limitation 8MPa safety valve 10MPa X T P T P pumps and compressors: ignal input: alves: all other componets: fluid drives: s v Identification key Examples for the identification of components to ISO 1219-2 and DIN/EN 61346-2 1A1 1B1 1B2 1V3 1V6 1V4 1V5 1V2 double-acting cylinder limit switch limit switch non-return valve non-return valve 2-way flow control valve pressure relief valve, adjustable (counter-pressure valve for tractive load) 4/3-way solenoid valve, spring-centred 0Z2 1Z2 1Z3 0V1 1V1 0Z1 0P1 0M1 1Z1 pressure gauge pressure gauge pressure gauge pressure relief valve, adjustable pressure relief valve, adjustable fluid level indicator pump electric motor filter Ø22x2 Ø16x2 Ø16x2 Ø22x2 1Z3 15MPa Ø 63/45x300 16cm3 5.5kW 1500min -1 b =75 10 5MPa T P A B A Ø16 P T 1M1 1M2 P A S V Z, or any letter not yet included in the list 1 – 1 S 2 K1 K2 1M2 24V 2 3 4 5 1 6 1B2 S2 0V S3 K2 1M1 S1 P Ø16 34 31 32 K1 34 31 32 11 12 13 14 13 14 K1 14 11 12 K2 24 21 22 A1 A2 A1 A2 12 22 32 42 .2 14 24 34 44 11 21 31 41 .3 .5 K2 14 11 12 4 1 2 1B1 4 1 2 K1 24 21 22 22 32 42 .1 14 24 34 44 11 21 31 41 .4 .6 1B1 1A1 1B2 1V6 1V3 1V4 1V5 1V2 8MPa 1V1 0Z1 15MPa 1Z2 15MPa 10MPa 0V1 1Z1 0M1 0P1 0Z2 Component identification to ISO1219-2 signal receiver: relay: electric drives: B K M Component identification to DIN/EN 61346-2 ©Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. KG www.festo-didactic.com 053036en component designation component number Drive section Energy control section Energy supply section • energy conversion • pressure medium preparation Control energy supply Signal processing Signal input Control section Power section Hydraulic power section Signal control section Energy flow Signal flow system number circuit number Variants of signal control section • Electrical relay technology • PLC controllers • Pneumatic controllers (explosion-proof applications) • Mechanical controllers (e.g. cam-driven) • Manual control (e.g. excavators) Hydraulics – Structure of a hydraulic system 12 Everything you need to know: 5 posters on hydraulics The updated edition of the popular DIN A1 posters is also supplied rolled up and quickly provides a comprehensive overview. All symbols and designations comply with the current ISO 1219-1 and EN 81346-2 standards. Poster topics: – Hydraulic symbols – Hydraulics—Structure of a hydraulic system – Hydraulics—Directional control and non-return valves – Hydraulics—Flow and pressure regulators – Hydraulics— Power supply and cylinder de 196948 en 551012 es 551011 fr 551010 ...... 3000 750 3000 750 3000 – – – 25 800 25 800 – – 16 25 16 32 – – 0.80–0.93 0.90 0.82 0.92 0.82 0.92 0.80 0.92 – – – 500 – 4000 4 – 630 2.5 – 16 0.70 – 0.84 500 – 3500 4 – 250 16 – 25 0.80 – 0.91 500 – 3500 1.2 – 250 6.3 – 16 0.80 – 0.91 area ratio 2:1 (piston area : piston ring area) Double-acting cylinder pump holder Filtration Hydraulic filters are installed in different ways, depending on the application in question. return-line, intake-line and pressure filtration (also in combination) bypass filtration Classic filter applications: Further application: Hydraulic power pack baffle plate drain screw cleaning aperture filling strainer return line directional control valve pressure gauge temperature gauge air filter level indicator suction filter suction pipe hydraulic pump cooling water circuit pressure relief valve electric motor cooler return filter breather filter suction filter pressure filter with contamination indicator high-pressure filter differential cylinder synchronous cylinder cylinder with end position cushioning telescopic cylinder pressure intensifier tandem cylinder pressurised areas identical in size; advance and return speed identical gives higher pressure for cases requiring high forces and where the available space is limited Designs Schematic representation Designs Remarks Schematic representation Speed range Displacement volume Nominal pressure Overall efficiency Designs of cylinders Single-acting cylinder, hydraulic ram Pump types Festo Didactic GmbH & Co. KG www.festo-didactic.com 053034en gear pump, externally geared gear pump, internally geared Screw pump vane pump radial piston pump axial piston pump to reduce the speed of heavy loads and to prevent heavy impact increased stroke travel Hydraulics – Energy supply and cylinders A P T M 1A1 1V1 0Z1 0Z1 1Z1 1A1
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