Communication protocols define how field devices—sensors, actuators, or robots—exchange data with controllers like PLCs or edge computers. They reduce wiring, save installation time, and lower error risks while enabling smarter, more reliable machines. With protocols, devices share diagnostics, I/O status, and performance data, supporting remote monitoring, AI-driven analytics, cloud services, and new business models that drive efficiency and service innovation.
Information Technology (IT) manages data and applications, such as information systems, office computers, and networks. Operational Technology (OT) monitors and controls physical devices like production equipment. IT/OT convergence integrates both, often via common protocols. However, the technologies differ: Industrial Ethernet must withstand harsher conditions like vibrations, dust, and heat, requiring greater robustness. It’s designed to prevent errors and quickly respond to disruptions, using protocols built for high data rates, collision management, and — most importantly — deterministic communication to ensure data is transmitted on time and production failures are avoided.
But what are the top 10 technologies shaping industrial automation today?
Over 30 protocols were developed in the first generation, but standards like Profibus, Interbus, CANopen, DeviceNet, and CC-Link soon narrowed the field to a few key players.
1. Profibus. Profibus was standardized internationally (e.g., EN 50170) and connected controllers, sensors, and actuators. Variants like Profibus DP and PA served different automation needs. It was one of the most widely used early automation protocols.
2. Interbus. Interbus, an early industry standard, connected devices in a ring topology for fast, reliable data transmission in industrial settings.
3. CANopen and 4. DeviceNet. Both are CAN-based which was originally developed for automotive networking. DeviceNet enabled simple, fast integration, popular in the US, while CANopen offered greater flexibility and advanced management features.
5. CC-Link. CC-Link is a high-speed, real-time open fieldbus widely used and standardized in Asia.